Explain what you understand by passing BY VALUE.

 It means that the program/method passes the value of the identifier or literal. It does not imply a reference to the sending data item. The program/method called has the capability to change the parameter in the called/invoked program/method. But there is no effect on the argument value in the calling program as the subprogram/method has access to a temporary copy of the sent data item. The parameters used should always be of a particular defined data type in case the data is to be passed somewhere else. This is different as compared to BY CONTENT, as it does not, passes only the contents of the identifier.