Explain JSP concurrency issues and their solutions.

JSP concurrency issues can arise when multiple requests access and modify shared data concurrently. The common issues are race conditions, data inconsistency, and thread safety problems. To mitigate these issues, you can:

• Avoid using instance variables in JSPs or ensure they are thread-safe.
• Synchronize access to shared resources using Java synchronization mechanisms like synchronized blocks or methods.
• Use thread-safe data structures when sharing data between requests.
• Consider using server-side session management to handle user-specific data safely.